WEEK 3 : TESTING THE SOLAR PANEL

بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

FYP II

Week 3

Title: Testing the Solar panel

Objective: To recognize the solar panel polarity

Content/Procedure:

The solar charge controller  have been test with the sunlight at certain degree where the sun absorbs at the maximum power point. Using the multimeter

Result & Analysis:

Equipment setup to operate the circuit

When the solar array connected to the solar panel, the voltage reading at multimeter at is high than zero. 

WEEK 2 : SOLDERING THE PCB

بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

FYP II

Week 2

Title: Soldering the PCB board

Objective: To ensure the all component are connected in to the PCB board

Content/Procedure:

This week I continued on PCB development circuit by soldering the component after the PCB done the etching process. Here I encounter some problem on the board where it happen capacitor polarity which wrong install then re-install back in correct connection.

Result & Analysis:

PCB design on board at bottom view where the soldering part proceed

WEEK 1 :LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR CIRCUIT

بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

FYP II

Week 1

Title: Simulation circuit into the software designer

Objective: To simulate the  LDR circuit on the software engineering

Content/Procedure:

From this time, I already make the circuit development with etching the PCB of LDR controller. The duration for development took almost 2 week to make it complete PCB board with appropriate design on the board. Here I enclosed the simulation LDR circuit using proteus and rough PCB design progress in Protel 99 PCB Design

Result & Analysis:

Schematic diagram of LDR using proteus

The Bottom PCB design

This is the etching layout printed into the PCB board using laser print to print the layout and using acid. When the plate is immersed in acid, the bare metal, exposed by the lines of the drawing, is eroded.

Conclusion:

The circuits of PCB layout well simulate

FYP 1 presentation

Week 10 : FYP1 Presentation

On 28 March 2013, FYP1 presentation was held in Dewan Gemilang. My assessors for that day were Sir MAZA and Sir MIGDAD,


My presentations went well as he also understand about my project but they moderately disagree with my interface device that is PLC logo soft because it costing a lot and not affordable with my project proposal. They advice me to discuss this issue with my supervisor.

METHODOLOGY -BLOCK DIAGRAM-

METHODOLOGY

SOLAR TRACKER BLOCK DIAGRAM

Based on the block diagram,, every single part is important in order to make the solar tracker operates. Most importantly is PLC LOGO! SOFT controller which is control overall of movement of solar tracker.

The Photovoltaic Effect

        The photovoltaic effect was discovered more than 150 years. The direct conversion of sunlight into electricity for the first time succeeded Alexandre Edmond Becquerel, French physicist in 1839. For many years this effect has been exploited only in the photograph at the exposure. The most important application today is the photovoltaic power generation with solar cells. 

       The solar cells consist of two superposed layers consisting mostly of crystalline silicon. On the outside there are contacts that are made of metal. Since the two silicon layers treated with different materials such as boron and phosphorus were, they have different electrical properties. In the so-called boundary layer, which is only about one thousandth of a millimeter is strong there is an electric field with positive and negative poles. Now, if light falls on the boundary layer, the electrons gain energy from the photons of light, loose binding of the crystal and move in positive direction. The flowing current can now be removed by the consumer. Light (Greek: Photo) thereby causing an electrical voltage. Since one is measuring the voltage in volts it up the term photovoltaic (PV too).
The photovoltaic effect is observed only in semiconductors, which can absorb photons at all on the one hand, on the other hand, can simultaneously produce charged particles which have enough energy to move through the material to leave the semiconductor and thus to produce electricity.

      By absorption of a photon of appropriate energy, an electron goes from the ground state to an excited state, whereby a free electron-hole pair is created. Is there a sufficiently strong electric field as it exists for example in a pn junction of a semiconductor, the two charge carrier drift in the opposite direction. The electrons migrate to the n-layer and the holes in the p-layer. By the charge transfer results in a photovoltage which causes a corresponding photocurrent, if the two layers are connected via an external circuit, where electrical energy from light is produced (semiconductor photoelectric effect).

PV cells work